El Nino and La-Nina

El Nino and Indian Monsoon

 El Nino is a narrow hot stream that flows near the Peruvian coast in December. In Spanish it is called "Child Christ" because this stream takes birth around Christmas.

It is a temporary replacement for a Perubian or Humboldt cold stream that usually flows along the coast.

It flows once every three to seven years and is prone to widespread floods and droughts in tropical regions of the world. Sometimes it becomes very intense and raises the water temperature of the Peruvian coast by 10 ° C.

    This heat of the tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean affects the air pressure at the global level and the winds including the monsoon of the Indian Ocean.

    Studies by El Nino suggest that India experiences less rainfall when temperatures rise in the southern Pacific Ocean.

    El-Nino has a great impact on the Indian monsoon and is used to predict the long period of the monsoon.

    Meteorologists think that the 1987 severe drought in India was caused by El-Nino.

    In 1990–1991, El-Nino was seen as a severe form. Due to this, the arrival of monsoon in most parts of the country was delayed by 5 to 12 days.

La-Nina

The weather returns to normal after El Nino. But sometimes sunflower winds become so strong that they cause unusual deposition of cold water in the central and eastern Pacific. It is called La-Nina which is exactly opposite to El-Nino. La-Nina produces the cyclonic season. But it brings good news in India because it causes heavy monsoon rains.

BOBBLE

Under the BOBBLE (Bay of Bengal Boundary Layer Experiment - BoBBLE), the Indian Science Institute of Bangalore and the University of East Anglia of the United Kingdom have jointly formed an action plan for accurate forecasting of monsoon, tropical cyclones and weather.

                                     

                                          What is BOBBLE

BOBBLE is a joint India-United Kingdom project that examines the impact of oceanic processes operating in the Bay of Bengal on the monsoon system.

Finance for this project is provided by the Ministry of Earth Sciences of India and the Natural Research Council of the United Kingdom.

It is known that the Bay of Bengal plays a fundamental role in the context of the monsoon in the South-Asian region.

Main Processes Running in the Bay of South Bengal

    The southwest monsoon current is a major stream controlling salt and sea surface temperatures in the Bay of Bengal which is itself controlled by local (wind pressure curl) and remote (equatorial wave propagation) factors. . This stream is related to the change in weather over a wide area of ​​the Indian Ocean.

    The excess of salt in the south-west monsoon stream is due to the western equatorial Indian Ocean, which is connected to the Bay of Bengal through the Somalian stream, the equatorial current and the southwest monsoon stream.

    Seasonal changes at the Somalian stream and southwest monsoon stream junctions act as railroad switches and divert waterfowl to the different valleys of the North-Indian Ocean.

    How much Chlorophyll in the Bay of South Bengal is determined directly by the mixed layer processes and the strength of the barrier layer.

What is monsoon?

    Monsoons are those seasonal winds that change their direction with the change in the weather. In summer, these winds flow from the sea towards the earth and in winter, from the earth to the sea.

Monsoon occurs in these regions - Indian subcontinent, South-East Asia, parts of Central-West Africa etc. In the Indian monsoon there is a large amount of heat convection.

The monsoon is associated with every second to seventh year event like El Nino and La Lina.