El Nino and Indian Monsoon
El Nino is a narrow hot stream that flows near the Peruvian coast in December. In Spanish it is called "Child Christ" because this stream takes birth around Christmas.
It is a temporary replacement for a Perubian or Humboldt cold stream that usually flows along the coast.
It flows once every three to seven years and is prone to widespread floods and droughts in tropical regions of the world. Sometimes it becomes very intense and raises the water temperature of the Peruvian coast by 10 ° C.
This heat of the tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean affects the air pressure at the global level and the winds including the monsoon of the Indian Ocean.
Studies by El Nino suggest that India experiences less rainfall when temperatures rise in the southern Pacific Ocean.
El-Nino has a great impact on the Indian monsoon and is used to predict the long period of the monsoon.
Meteorologists think that the 1987 severe drought in India was caused by El-Nino.
In 1990–1991, El-Nino was seen as a severe form. Due to this, the arrival of monsoon in most parts of the country was delayed by 5 to 12 days.
La-Nina
The weather returns to normal after El Nino. But sometimes sunflower winds become so strong that they cause unusual deposition of cold water in the central and eastern Pacific. It is called La-Nina which is exactly opposite to El-Nino. La-Nina produces the cyclonic season. But it brings good news in India because it causes heavy monsoon rains.