indian history, geography, and political site

  Introduction India’s geography is as diverse as its culture. Stretching from the snow-covered Himalayas in the north to the sunny coastal plains in the south, the country has every type of landform and climate. This diversity has shaped agriculture, trade, culture, and even politics over thousands of years. Understanding the physical features of India helps us appreciate its uniqueness and importance in the world. The Himalayas – The Northern Frontier The Himalayas , the world’s highest mountain range, form India’s northern boundary. They not only protect the country from invasions but also play a vital role in climate and rivers. Three major divisions : Greater Himalayas (Himadri) – Includes Mount Everest (Nepal side) and Kanchenjunga. Middle Himalayas (Himachal) – Known for valleys like Kashmir and hill stations like Shimla. Shiwalik Hills – The outermost range with fertile foothills. Importance : o     Sour...

  Introduction Medieval Indian history covers the period between the decline of the ancient empires and the rise of colonial powers. This era witnessed the arrival of new rulers, the blending of cultures, and the creation of some of India’s most iconic monuments. The Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire were the two most significant powers of this time, leaving behind legacies of art, administration, and architecture that continue to influence India today. The Delhi Sultanate (1206 – 1526 CE) The Delhi Sultanate marked the beginning of Islamic rule in northern India. It was established after Muhammad Ghori’s general, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founded the Slave Dynasty . Over time, the Sultanate saw five different dynasties: Slave Dynasty (1206–1290 CE) – Founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak. Famous for starting the construction of the Qutub Minar. Khilji Dynasty (1290–1320 CE) – Known for Alauddin Khilji’s military campaigns and economic reforms. Tughlaq Dynasty ...